Location and Historical Background
Kuressaare lies on the southern coast of Saaremaa, Estonia’s largest island, surrounded by juniper fields, pine forests, wind-shaped shores, and the steady breath of the Baltic Sea. The landscape is flat, open, and peaceful, giving the town a relaxed, almost meditative rhythm. Today, visitors are impressed by the town’s cleanliness, wooden houses, spa culture, and one of the best-preserved medieval castles in the Baltics.
The settlement was first mentioned in 1381, though the island itself was inhabited long before that. Legend claims Kuressaare was founded where exhausted sailors decided the sea was too much work and chose land, warmth, and beer instead. Over time, the town grew around its fortress and harbor, becoming Saaremaa’s administrative and cultural center.
The Three Greatest Blows to the City
The Livonian War (1558–1583)
Kuressaare suffered heavily during the Livonian War, as Saaremaa changed hands between Denmark, Sweden, and Poland-Lithuania. Military campaigns disrupted trade, damaged infrastructure, and brought insecurity to the island. The town survived—but cautiously.
The Great Northern War and Plague (1700–1721)
During the Great Northern War, Kuressaare was affected by troop movements and economic decline. In 1710, a devastating plague swept through Saaremaa, killing a large portion of the population. Recovery was slow, and the town entered a long period of quiet stagnation.
World War II and Soviet Era (1940–1991)
Kuressaare endured occupation, deportations, and military restrictions during World War II and the Soviet period. The town was renamed Kingissepa in 1952, erasing its historic identity for decades. Only after Estonia regained independence in 1991 did Kuressaare reclaim its original name and spirit.
The Golden Age of Kuressaare
Kuressaare’s golden age began in the late 19th century, when it developed into a spa resort. Health tourism flourished, elegant wooden villas were built, and visitors arrived seeking sea air and relaxation. This spa tradition continues today and defines the town’s modern identity.
Why Kuressaare Is Worth Visiting Today
Kuressaare is about quality, not quantity. It offers calm streets, excellent spas, rich island cuisine, cycling routes, and nature that feels untouched. The town works perfectly as a slow-travel destination—whether for wellness weekends, cultural exploration, or quiet seaside escapes.
In summary, Kuressaare is Estonia at its most gentle. It doesn’t demand your attention; it rewards it.
Tourist Information and Must-See Sights
Estimated Prices
- Average lunch: €10–13
- Mid-range hotel (per night): €80–120
- One beer (0.5 l): €4–5
- One coffee: €3–3.50
Visitors will enjoy the compact town center, castle park, seaside promenades, and nearby countryside.
Must-Visit Places
Kuressaare Castle
One of the best-preserved medieval castles in the Baltics, surrounded by a moat and park. A must for history lovers and photographers alike.
Kuressaare Spa District
A concentration of historic and modern spas that continue the town’s long wellness tradition.
Saaremaa Museum
Located inside the castle, this museum offers a deep dive into island history, culture, and identity.
Final Summary
Kuressaare won’t rush you—and that’s the point. Come for the castle, stay for the spas, and leave with the strange feeling that life should always be this calm.
Tags: Denmark • Estonia • Scandinavia • Sweden